Sunday, November 19, 2023

What I think is Might Be (?) a January 1976 keyboardists' tryout tape

The great Charlie Miller has gathered and shared many thousands of tapes. One that he got hands on somewhere along the line and then forgot about has just come into the light.

ca. 1975-1976 JGB rehearsals, outs: https://etreedb.org/shn/166364.

I hypothesize that this tape captures material from trying out / playing around with various keyboardists in January 1976. I think the need to summarize the ca. January 1976 keyboardist/repertoire options is what begat this tape --an artifact, emerging out of a distinct set of historical processes-- in the first place. It's a work tape.

I could be completely wrong about that. If you disagree, let me hear it! Tape is available to torrent from Lossless Legs (maybe be sub required).

Insofar as that's what's represented, then 

1) cool;

2) I was considerably wrong in my "Jerry's January 1976" post when I implied he was a slacker who settled for the most ready-to-hand keyboard player, Keith Godchaux;

3) I have additional material informing this idea of these as tryouts, which you'll be able to read about in Fate Music.

In the meantime, here are my very detailed listening notes, tracked differently (more baroquely) than Charlie's fileset.

Jerry Garcia Band
Probably His Master's Wheels
60 Brady Street
ca. 1976
85 minute 2 channel mono

--(20 tracks, 85:52)--
--fragment 1
t01. noisy noodle (1) [0:20] %
[MISSING: Tore Up Over You]

--fragment 2 (2 tracks,
t02. //untitled-197611xx-01-jam (2) [#21:12] %
t03. Magnificent Sanctuary Band Jam// [2:53#] %

--fragment 3 (2 tracks, 1 tune,
t04. //tape fragment// [#0:03#]
t05. //Tore Up Over You (3) [2:13] [0:06] %

--fragment 4 (3 tracks,
t06. //Freight Train [#2:47] %
t07. //Oh Babe It Ain't No Lie 1 [#5:56] (4) [0:03] %
t08. //Oh Babe It Ain't No Lie 2 [#4:30] [0:02] %

--fragment 5 (3 tracks,
t09. //Mystery Train// 1 [#7:04#] %
t10. (5) Mystery Train 2 [3:26] [0:16]
t11. Mystery Train 3 [7:09] (6) [0:09] %

--fragment 6 (5 tracks,
t12. I Can't Help Myself (Sugar Pie Honey Bunch) [9:36] (7) [0:14]
t13. It's Too Late [0:30]
t14. (I'm A) Road Runner 1 flirt [0:47]
t15. (I'm A) Road Runner 2 fragment [0:14] (8) [0:18]
t16. (I'm A) Road Runner 3 [4:15] (9) [0:21] %

--fragment 7 (4 tracks,
t17. Hey Bo Diddley [7:13] ->
t18. Hideaway [3:02] (10) [0:14]
t19. (11) Maybellene [0:42] ->
t20. Thirty Days flirt (12) [0:24]

! ACT1: Jerry Garcia Band Z
! lineup: Jerry Garcia - electric guitar;
! lineup: John Kahn - electric bass;
! lineup: Ron Tutt - drums;
! lineup: unnamed-19761xxx-01 - keyboards (tracks,
! lineup: unnamed-19761xxx-02 - keyboards (tracks,

JGMF:

! t01 JG cites Tore Up Over You before tape cut

! P: I have no idea what this is - but it's a B3 player who can play!

! t01 (1) the noisy noodle has a vaguely Halloweenish feel

! R: t02 jam is munching tape at the start, super warbly, eventually gets up to speed. Jerry higher up in the mix 1:30ff.  Bass more audible late in 1. Garcia's guitar distorted, probably everything distorted.

! P: t02 jam Very New Orleans feel, bright B3. Is that really KG on organ? It does not sound like him. The organ is much more Brother Jack McDuff-sounding than I ever recall Keith being. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_McDuff. JG Nice lick 1:45. Organ feature 3:05ff, Garcia comping, John walking, drummer swinging. Right at 4 again very avian big bright organ - Jimmy Smith Brother Jack McDuff. John is walking it just like James Jamerson all up in here. 4:50 Jerry takes another lead turn. 13 more walking bass line. @13:32 you can hear Jerry's fingers on the strings - he's letting it make itself heard, as an accent. Sounds amazing - super slow late 13 as gentle as fresh a wildflower! B3 is mellifluous 14ff. Gentle, sweet tunes. Still a B3 "feauture", but it is buried in the mix and sounds a little rudimentary to my ear. Still walking along for a while, easy as you please. Nice melody Jerry lands on in 15 - something almost recognizable at 15:51. Fuzz makes it sound a little saxophonish around 16:40. Even more at 17:35 - superfuzz for Jerry, Link Wray tone for a bit. JG takes some rounds 18:19 and the organist steps forward (recording, too, I think) - things are hotting up 18:45, B3 in the classic sound - hits high right at 19, again avian. Swinging on an R&B groove around 19:15 and a N'awlins descent at 19:30. Jerry starts winding it down like 20:30, but it's hard to pin a real ending, so I just time the whole track.

! t02 (2) Jerry hits "Tore Up Over You" just before the tape cuts out.

! P: t03 Magnificent Sanctuary Band Keith (I think) is leading this, the drum is very foot-pedal heavy, and this is just Keith and a drummer, with Garcia and Kahn sitting this one out. Both of the pianist's hands sound great. Probably just KG and RT.

! R: t03 MSB drop right before the end, real time

! P: t05 TUOY starts with organist back a little bit, Jerry up front. The, delightfully @ 0:29 JG starts comping, and at 0:36 the B3 comes in like a bird - exactly the same style as the earlier jam had been, same personnel. Around 1:15 or so Jerry starts singing the lyric, but without a vocal mic. The organist doing a straightforward accent on "tore up" - sounds like Jerry gets in front of a mic for the last lyric.

! t05 (3) JG: "aw fuck - I keep forgetting that thing"

! P: t06 Freight Train Jerry sounds almost acoustic. Drums just snare. Electric keyboard comes in @0:52. Jerry singing so high in the register, almost falsetto, can't quite reach the notes. Very peppy tempo. Lyrically, he sort of gets the first verse, does a couple of choruses. Beautiful swirly keys 1:25, like a carnival. 1:42 he sings the "when I die o bury me deep / down at the end of old Chestnut Street / so I can hear ol number 9 as she goes running by". Another chorus - he calls a note at 2:27 not sure "[D E G] again". Nice plucky tone against the swirly organ.

! R: t07 OBIANL ff recording has more high end, I think. Hissier for sure.

! P: t07 OBIANL beautiful just Jerry and John falsetto - out of his range I think. Drums enter at 2:00, now electric keys @ 2:08. This aggregation and keys in around 2:05 -5:55. Pretty keyboard in 5:30 range - he puts a Baby Blue riff on around 5:46.

! t07 (4) JG: "I don't know what ... I don't really know//". This sort of tails onto t08.

! P: t08 OBIANL take 2 - lovely gentle stuff. Drums enter around 0:40. Snare-led.

! R: t09 MT1 sounds better than the chunk with the Elizabeth Cotten material. More dynamic range, less hiss. drums and guitar L, synth keys R, voice center, bass L. Tune cuts in and cuts out on what was probably the last "took away my baby"

! P: t09 Mystery Train take 1 keys are synth right now - fascinating! Different player, too? Just not sure. 2:29ff electric keys/synth takes first feature. Jerry comping fantastically behind, like check out 2:49. Sounds like there's an organ on one hand, electric piano on the other hand? Jerry in a little feature ca. 3. Organ lead 3:39ff. Drummer hard in the pocket - high hat driven, super steady. More electric keys lead 4:25. JG lead 4:52

! t10 (5) song is ending, an English guy *not Nicky* says "too much". Then they roll into MT2. I normally might have tacked a second or so from the front here onto the previous track, but it's all good. Electric keys - Rhodes plus the three members Jerry, John and Tutt.

! P: t10 MT2 right around 2 there's some conversation while the beat rolls on. Can't make it out. Jerry steps up for a verse 2:30. Keys sound really nice, nice little flourish over the end of that verse. This sounds tight as hell.

! P: t11 Mystery Train take 3 is faster and drives harder.  This drives like a motherfucker. Drums ease in at 0:17, Garcia has a nice country twang going just before 30 seconds in, the synth is upfront. What is the technique he uses at 0:43 called? He plucks a single note that's not offkey, but it certainly offsets the straight vocal, punctuating. It's awesome. Sweet country sound - I wonder if he's playing a tele, almost? I highly doubt it, but it definitely has that feel. Bend at 2:04 that is definitely Bakersfield. Here in 4 the keys sound familiar. At first I thought Jimmy Warren, but maybe now it sounds like Ozzie Ahlers. I am not saying it is either of these guys - I don't think it's either one of them. But I am trying to pin some comps down. Now at 5:20 two keyboard sounds, I think it's one player with two hands going - left is like an electric piano and right is the synth. Truly glorious string scratches from Garcia right at the end, a little scrubby-dubby from 7:02-7:05. Gaaahhh.

! t11 (6) Tutt: "Ahhh, shit. [inaudible] to try another one like that." JG: "[inaudible] like that?" Somebody else (Kahn?): "It's got layers." As I will narrate in Fate Music in a heading titled "Cats in the Studio," in July 1977 Tutt and Garcia held a very similar exchange after a jam, with Ronnie saying stuff like "that'll work - we can take that wherever we want to", and Jerry concurring. Who cares? I do! Kahn gets all the credit as Garcia's band director, and he was. But Tutt was in a "musical director" space -- validated by Garcia -- in those July '77 jams, and here he is the prior year playing the same role. Very important little fragment right there.

! song: "I Can't Help Myself (Sugar Pie Honey Bunch)" (t12): Yes, the Four Tops Tune tune, Holland-Dozier-Holland on Motown! Singleton. 

! P: t12 Sugar Pie Honey Bunch - oh my God this is stunning. Drums, organ, electric guitar, Garcia playing in a style like I have never ever heard before. 1:46 is he playing a Strat? Wow, fuzzy 2:16 what is the name of that effect? Not sure I have heard bass in this. Just keys guitar drums. God, Tutt starts some hi-hatting at 3:12 that is IMPOSSIBLE it's so good. Organ player takes a lead 3:20ff or thereabouts. @ 3:42 Garcia singing unamplified, way high in his vocal range, but amazing. This is cooking so sweet and hot and it bounces incredibly well. Band playing really well together. No idea who this organist is - DEF not Keith. This is a B3 aficionado, someone tearing it up. Any chance this is Larry Knechtel? By 6 Jerry is in more recognizable sound, still not sure which guitar he's playing. But my God is this AMAZING. Slow it wayy down at 8:48, half time, quarter time, decay to gentle @ 9:07, there's John Kahn, Jerry noodling some stuff to wind it down.

! t12 (7) @ 9:41, good hearty Jerry laugh. Tutt: "What time is it?" JG: "Too late." Someone else, affirming: "too late". Naturally enough, this leads Jerry to strum the beautiful xxx notes xxx chord of "It's Too Late".

! P: t13 ITL falsetto!

! t15 (8) JK is quoting an Abbey Road sounding piece - maybe Come Together? Powerful, McCartney sounding. Jerry hits the Lennon twang. Not sure which tune, but a Beatles riff I think.

! P: IARR 3 he doesn't lead with the first verse, I don't think? This is the quartet playing. Jerry, John, Ronnie, and organ player. Tempo slows 2:48, now sounding more like '76 JGB (heh heh).

! t16 (9) @ 3:45 IARR sort of unraveled gradually. Tutt called out a '1' to take it from the top, but Jerry starts moaning "1", becoming "whaaaa??" It's "1" a second moan, he is joined in by John I think, also moaning "1????????" They pick it up pretty continuously until 4:15, when he drops it again, Tutt calls out '1' again, and they all riff on the same goof from 30 seconds before, moaning and cawing. @ 4:10 someone yells out "Christ!", and it sounds like an English voice to me. Again, NB re: Tutt leading musically. He's the drumer and he's just counting down the beat in this case, but it's still fun to see him focused and the rest of these weirdos being weird.

! song: "Hey Bo Diddley" (t17): https://jerrybase.com/songs/326.

! P: t17 Hey Bo Diddley starts off with cool John Kahn liquid weirdness, some big bottom of the sea low amplitude forms, first 30 seconds of the track. Organ arrives 0:54. Neat interplay JG and organ player 1:38, he scrubs for the three beats, real basic, and the organist puts some color on it. Right after 3 Jerry steps back to play his guitar, and it's hot and great. Killer fuzztone 4:35 - like fuzzier than you will ever hear him. Shreddy, weaving through, around, over, the organ's melody lines. Big fuzzy R&R guitar 5:18ff. Grungy. Late 5 he finds a defined melody of something that might be identifiable. Jerry audibly unpedals the fuzz @ 6:20 with a killer rock chord, and it's back cleanly into the Bo Diddley beat, Jerry with some chunky ... all through this there is a drum that sounds like a hand drum, e.g., 6:45 for awhile, but it perfectly accompanies the drum, so I think ...?

! P: t17-t18 Jerry lets it decay and the organist hits "Hideaway", but Jerry takes a bit to really embrace it. At 0:39 Garcia is playing "Hideaway" with a guitar that sounds really unfamiliar. Wow! Groovy as fuck at 1:32 when everyone is walking it for awhile, organist splashes other tones. 2:27ish Jerry tries to end it, but not one takes him up on it, trying again 10 and Tutt catches the cue perfectly!

! R: t18 Hideaway track some static for sure

! t18 (10) Jerry playing some blues lines, Tutt drums fast to them.

! t19 (11) I track Maybellene to where Tutt starts drumming the beat. Over the start of it, he says "That's that other [?another?] Freddie King tune". I think he's referring to the melody he just hinted at - see note 10. I don't recognize it. Maybellene, of course, was written by Chuck Barry, so maybe he was just having a stoner moment with it?

! P: t19 Maybellene Jerry does some of the rough and ready vamp singing he's been having fun with all night to start, but pretty quickly he gets a verse together, like ten seconds into the noodle. John walking *incredibly* late 0:16 range. This is a boogeying little thing they are doing,

! song: "Thirty Days" (t20): Chuck Berry. Like "Maybellene", a rock 'n' roll standard.

! t20 (12) there are a couple of "fuck it"s at the very end.

41 comments:

  1. What a pleasure to listen to. The Hey Bo Diddley > Hideaway that's on the All Good Things box set is an edited version of this session. There's a guitar flourish/B3 call and response that starts at 1:37ish on this tape and starts around 0:27 of the box set version. You'll hear that the lead-in to it on that box set version has been edited together somewhat when you compare it to what's immediately preceding here.

    That fuzz tone jam has been one of my very fav Garcia moments since the box set dropped. It's demented. The '75 Ace sessions proto-Crazy Fingers track released with the name Distorto in one of the GD album box sets has a similar effect, and I hear a dialed-back/toned down version of it in the Sugar Pie Honey Bunch (?!?!nice!!!) on this set, starting around 1:50

    Who knows what the hell guitar he's playing. In a lot of ways this reminds me of the great long studio take on Visions of Johanna - ambiguous instrumentation & personnel, etc

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  2. Nice catch, Mr. Completely! The 'Oh Babe It Ain't No Lie' and 'Mystery Train' outtakes from Reflections on the All Good Things Box (disc 3) aren't the same versions as this tape (?), but imho they sound clearly like they're from the same sessions. So it must be Larry Knechtel on keyboards here? He's only officially credited with piano and electric piano on Reflections, but he could conceivably be playing everything here. Here's a pic of Knechtel playing Hammond organ with jazz guitarist Barney Kessel (it's #29 in the slideshow):
    https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/the-hidden-history-of-a-rock-n-roll-hitmaker-109251370/

    Also, the keyboard on Mystery Train is a clavinet, not a synthesizer. The pianist is playing both the clav and the electric piano at the same time (one with each hand) on the 2nd & 3rd takes.

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  3. Might it be Pete Sears on track 10? Thanks for all of your exceptional analysis and research, keep up the great work!

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    1. I wondered if it could be Pete Sears as well. I haven't heard this recording (don't know/do etree/LL) but also thought if there's just acoustic (or electric) piano on some tunes that one of the players could be Nicky Hopkins, who played and recorded with Jerry Garcia in 1976.

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  5. The dates are really throwing me off. Knechtel was around ca. November 1975, ca. January 1976 as they sweetened Reflections. Some of the material we have here is generally dated November 1976. So, hmmm

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  6. Oooh, I have a new theory in my head. It's super weird.

    We know that everyone around (Betty and Jerry for sure) made work tapes to listen to at home, driving around (cassettes, obvs), etc. There are all kinds of Reflections outtakes in various circulation, most of them I think coming from Steve Brown's work tapes.

    Let's imagine such an artifact among Jerry's tapes, labeled "RX-107 Good Outs", studio stuff from 1975 to early 1976. It might have a killer chunk of much earlier Blues for Allah session material with the GD ("Orpheus"), but mostly consisting of material similar to what's on Charlie's tape.

    Let's imagine that was compiled later in the year, perhaps as Jerry needed to cut a demo tape to sell himself --in addition to the Dead-- to Arista. So in August 1976 and November 1976, we find that session material drawing on some of the same stuff. So there was a continuity from the Reflections (and even earlier) cutting room floor to the late 1976 demo tape.

    Charlie's tape probably had the same archaeological interpretation.

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    1. I am skeptical that the material on this tape was ever intended to be heard by outsiders. If Jerry/Kahn/whoever was trying to 'sell' the JGB to a label, why would they submit a demo with loose jammy versions of rock/R&B/folk oldies (with rough/incomplete vocals) and a 20 min blues jam? and no original songs?

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    2. I agree. While this material is interesting and at times really cool, most of it is sparse and loose, with a feel of early takes, perhaps working out arrangements. Maybe it's about considering new material for the jgb live catalog? So intended for internal consideration.

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    3. No, I am not saying this *is* the demo tape. I am saying this was a working tape that helped them remember some of their earlier arrangements on something like the Cotten tunes. A tape full of prospective album material, but further back in the process, as just a study tape.

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    4. The 11/76 dates on stuff from AGT box set are pretty reasonably established to me, though not 100%. I haven't compared - what we have here are more primitive run throughs of some of the same material?

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  7. Of course, that just confounds getting the metadata right even further, because it's a much wider hoop.

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  8. Clarifying question (not a challenge): I know Charlie's text file says "different keyboard players," but do you know how is that indicated on the tape's labeling/documentation? or did Charlie mean different *keyboards* are being played? what's the date on the tape, or is there no date and "late 76" is an well-educated guess?

    My theory (admittedly lacking any info besides the music and text file): this material may not be from the same date, but it can't be that spread out; it all sounds like the same studio setup, the same mix, the same general atmosphere. So it could be a compilation of tunes put together from maybe a couple days worth of work, but less likely a collection of bits recorded over multiple sessions with different musicians.

    imho the simplest explanation would be that this is a tape of Garcia, Kahn, Tutt and [one keyboardist] jamming/rehearsing, maybe running through potential album material. iirc, you've said (or someone said) that Knechtel has said he doesn't remember playing with Garcia -- but he clearly *did* play in person with Garcia, assuming the notation on the Reflections outtakes on the All Good Things box is accurate (Knechtel is playing keys live in the studio on those tracks, not overdubs after-the-fact). So what is more likely: that the material on this tape represents one or two (out of thousands of) workdays in the life of a studio pro, playing standard material that he could nail without breaking a sweat? or that this represents something more significant, i.e. a "try out" for the JGB? My bet is option A.

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  9. I think CM said it was labeled 1975, and my notion that there is 1976 material in here may be what has led to that labeling.

    The idea that these are multiple different players also comes from me, I imagine. If it sounds like one player to you, that's noteworthy to me.

    My question about your option A is - if it's just working through material, why does the tape exist?

    Do you hear big generational differences between the fragments of tape? I thought I did. That cuts against it being from one basic set of sessions. Maybe it just has to do with how loud different music is, Mystery Train vs. OBIANL or whatever.

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  10. I think this material was taped simply due to Garcia's habit (or rule) of leaving the tape rolling during studio jams. While he may have compiled some session stuff on cassettes to listen to later, there doesn't seem to be any particular purpose to these tracks.

    - Demo tape? No. I'd question whether Jerry ever made any demo tape for a record label after 1965. (For himself or for bandmembers, sure.)

    - Keyboard tryouts? Doubtful. The bulk of this material seems like one player to me who's pretty familiar with Garcia's oldies repertoire. A track or two may be from different dates/players, but like Nick I get the sense that most of this could be from just a couple of sessions done around the same time.

    - Rehearsals? Maybe. A Garcia "rehearsal" was likely to be pretty loose and not too focused. Some of the material here is just idly goofing off; some tunes they might be running through for live performance or a possible album take. But in general, most of this strikes me as the kind of loose jamming Garcia was prone to, not a serious attempt to rehearse anything. (Mystery Train's a possible exception.)

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    1. My counter-theory: this whole tape is from a single day from November '76, with a single keyboard player. The stable mix, and the feeling of continuity, makes me think this is all one session. (That also seems more likely to me than it being a compilation from various dates.)

      One track that sticks out is Magnificent Sanctuary Band with piano & drums. I'd suggest it's probably not Keith, unless he just walked in for a couple minutes: Garcia booked these sessions with a keyboard player who was more versatile on organ (whether it's Knechtel or someone else). This tape captures the band jamming around with some familiar standards in-between whatever "serious" takes of songs like Magnificent Sanctuary Band they recorded.

      Are there studio records of who was playing in the Nov '76 sessions?

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    2. I realize if Keith was the only known keyboardist in the Nov '76 sessions, that could shoot a hole through my theory date-wise. 'Magnificent Sanctuary Band' could be an example of tape discontinuity, stuck in from a different date with Keith.

      But whatever the date, the main point stands, that here is the Garcia Band in the studio without Keith, not specifically rehearsing songs for an album or trying out a new guy, but working with another keyboard player who already seems pretty settled-in. Garcia's strictly in his comfort zone here, indifferent to the studio clock or the reels of tape piling up, just fooling with whatever oldies come to mind.

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    3. One way we can start is to ask what the November sessions were, i.e., were for. Were they first stabs at the first Jerry Garcia Band album for Arista? Jerry had a Maxell C60, labeled by someone else for him as "Bo Didley [sic]/Not Fade Away 11-9-76".

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    4. It would be interesting if this tape was more or less continuous, i.e., bigger chunks of pretty contemporaneous stuff.

      Jerry's personal tapes at home were like that in the early years (NRPS), and we know BFA sessions were like that. But by the 70s he was getting stuff that he had explicitly asked Steve or Betty or someone to curate - all of his weird little tapes of odds and ends were compilations, made for a purpose. A tape labeled "Good Outs" has a purpose. It could just be study. But it would be hanging on to some of the gems that might turn into something more.

      The 8/16/76 studio session was, I am 99% sure, the "Mighty High" Jerry's people gave to Clive's people, maybe as a formality, to do the Arista deal.

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    5. They inked the Arista deal 10/15/76. So that August studio session was part of selling the record. The November stuff must be part of making the first record. Right?

      And maybe the RX-107 / Reflections outs that circulate were cutting room floor things that Jerry wanted ready to hand, to use in the studio for whatever record came next. God knows he used the Compliments cutting room floor for Run for the Roses.

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    6. Info on the '76 studio sessions are mostly at His Master's Wheels. Take a look on calendar view though, too, since sometimes HMW was not a safe assumption.

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    7. Changed my mind in the comments below... Nov '76 is the wrong place to look for this set of outtakes. It might still all be from one or two dates, but from October '75 instead.

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  11. At the same time, he had a tape labeled Garcia RX-107 Good Outs, writing I recognize but can't put name on. One track is Orpheus from BFA (let's say spring '75), the rest are with Nicky: Mystery Train, Freight Train included.

    Then there are the outs that have long circulated via the Steve Brown pathway. Someone with good ears and more time than I have needs to sit down and figure this material all out. I nominate. LIA.

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  12. OK, to address several points:

    re the dating: even though Charlie says the tape was dated 1975, are you assuming "late 76" just because of 'Magnificent Sanctuary Band'? imho, that's not enough to re-date the tape. The track isn't the full band (unlike the Nov 76 studio version), it's just the piano playing through the changes with Tutt. Given the gospel leanings of Tutt and Garcia, it doesn't seem like a stretch that Garcia could have been aware of the song and could have been messing around with it casually (Dorsey Burnette's version came out in 1970, and Donny Hathaway's in 1971). Or maybe it's just Tutt and the pianist playing it on their own, and Jerry thought it sounded cool.

    Whereas, in favor of staying with 1975 as the date: the studio takes of 'Oh Babe It Ain't No Lie' and 'Mystery Train' are dated Oct-Nov 1975 on the boxset, and they sound just like the material on this tape. 'Tore Up' was recorded for Reflections, so why would they be playing it again in the studio after 1975? Also, the keyboardist on this tape isn't Keith. In late 76, Keith was In The Band: they weren't going to get a studio guy to record his parts, so why would a studio session from late 76 have another keyboard player? Nicky Hopkins was too far gone to be reliable, but that doesn't seem to be the case with Keith, or certainly not in 1976.

    re the purpose of the tape. Like LIA said, the MO was to record everything -- both Jerry's and the people around him. The existence of a tape doesn't necessarily imply any particular purpose. It's possible Jerry wanted to review something for a specific reason. Or it's possible Jerry said, "hey Steve, make me a copy of just the good stuff we did today, I don't want to hear all the other junk." Or it's possible someone else wanted to hear it -- to give one example, I noticed that Jerrybase's entry for 10/6/75 (studio) says the tape was made for Rakow by Steve Brown. Or maybe they were taping for sake of taping: we know that a couple years later they were hanging around Club Front recording themselves playing jazz out of fake books, ostensibly just to see if the new recording equipment worked (per Kahn). And so on.

    Maybe something else worth considering: I wonder if Garcia's attitude towards the studio changed in 1975 after experiencing the luxury of being able to spend weeks at a time at Ace's, where, of course, a lot of tape was spun (iirc, not all musical: there's a lot of conversation on some of those tapes too). Starting in late 1977, they had Club Front as their place to hang/record/whatever. But in late 75-late 76, maybe His Master's Wheels served (kind of) as that place for Garcia? He booked a lot of time there, and I'm sure "making the next JGB record" was the ostensible purpose -- but I am sure that it probably ran the full spectrum from goofing off > jamming > rehearsing > getting serious about tracking specific songs > actually Making a Record... maybe sometimes all within the same day (e.g. "oh man, I don't think I can do another take of [song], let's just do something else for a while... *starts picking Freight Train*...)

    Also, fwiw, Blair Jackson's notes in the box set booklet (p 81) imply that the fall 76 JGB studio sessions never resulted in an album bc of Garcia got pulled away by commitments to the GD and finishing the movie.

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    1. Good points, Nick!
      I was assuming fall '76 due to the dates mentioned earlier in this thread, but I was led astray: apologies! The Nov '76 sessions are a red herring here. Late '75 (or Jan '76) would account better for the missing Keith. And it could be that this material actually is from a wide range of dates, which would blow my theory to tatters...but such is the price of research!

      Date-wise: As mentioned, Mystery Train & Oh Babe It Ain't No Lie sure sound like they're from the same sessions as the Reflections bonus tracks, fall '75 with Larry Knechtel. Hey Bo Diddley>Hideaway, the same take used on the box set from those sessions. That leaves very little on this tape that could come from '76.
      So the simplest conjecture is that the whole tape is from fall '75 with Knechtel, maybe from just one or two dates. (With 'Magnificent Sanctuary Band' a possible exception.)

      Tore Up Over You: the album version has piano w/ Nicky Hopkins, this brief outtake has organ (with a solo, even) without him. I wouldn't discount Garcia returning to this in the studio for fun even after the Reflections version was recorded.

      But that leads us to the question of who compiled this tape & why. These are the outtakes of the outtakes! (And not even the "Good Outs," it seems.) Doesn't seem like Garcia would get much use out of listening to these loose jams & abandoned takes again. This will likely remain a mystery.
      But I would note that the common thread on this tape seems to be Larry Knechtel, so this material comes specifically from the days he was in the studio. (I'm very confident that it's him on the 'Sugar Pie' jam; not so confident in the Blues Jam, but just judging by the identical mix, it's likely from the same sessions.)

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    2. Great analysis. Fall '75, Larry Knechtel on keys. Got it. Makes sense to me.

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  13. I don't agree that everybody taped everything all the time. With the possible exception of Ace's stuff, that's not really true. I have been surprised by how little tape there really is of these guys just goofin' in the studio. We have a lot of it. But I think these tapes that we are hearing were curated for purposes, not just random tapes someone carried around in the glove box. I have been able to commune very closely with Jerry's tapes, and Betty's, and this stuff ending up on a cassette out and about is not just random. I can't prove that, but that's what my time with all of this tells me.

    I agree I jumped the gun on labeling it '76. If it was labeled '75 (I have never seen these tapes, but I think that's what CM said), then that's probably still our best guess.

    nick, you said this is not Keith. Who is it?

    "Or maybe they were taping for sake of taping: we know that a couple years later they were hanging around Club Front recording themselves playing jazz out of fake books, ostensibly just to see if the new recording equipment worked (per Kahn). And so on."

    That stuff I actually think points more in my direction than yours. I think that thing about seeing if the new gear worked is nonsense - that might expain work in 7/77, but not in 6/78. On the contrary, the Sievert 1978 Guitar Player interview happens right around this time, and Jerry says he has been engaged in some very deep and disciplined study. I think the standards tapes from 6/78 were study tapes, too.

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    1. Well, this is an interesting point too: if the tapes weren't rolling all the time during the Reflections sessions, then why keep & compile these particular outtakes?

      I'm now thinking that (almost) all the keyboard here is Larry Knechtel, who may be the key. He obviously worked well with Garcia in the studio, and it sounds like they're having quite a bit of fun going through some oldies.

      So your initial idea of a "keyboard tryout" might not be far off. Garcia may have kept the tape to hear how Knechtel sounded with the band. He used two keyboardists in the Reflections sessions, Hopkins & Knechtel. Hopkins ended up joining the Garcia Band on the road (briefly), but Knechtel apparently didn't want to. This tape might indicate that he was at least under consideration as a member.
      But that's all just speculation!

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    2. Well, that is actually really very plausible. I have a few other tiny bits of data that I haven't shared. 1) I think Knechtel came back in January at least once, and 2) There was another keyboard player they engaged, neither Knechtel nor Randy Wallace nor Keith. I am not ready to make his name public for you to check if it might be him (as opposed to Knechtel, or also). But shoot me an email and we can discuss ...

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    3. Fair point about not *everything* being taped all the time, but I'm not still not convinced that the existence of a tape like this can't be explained as Jerry just wanting to listen back to the stuff they did that day, esp if it was with a musician they didn't typically play with. Do we even know that this tape belonged to Jerry himself? could the tape have been made for Kahn, Tutt, or the keyboard player, but maybe never delivered to them, and/or maybe a copy was kept by whoever made the tape (Steve Brown?), which is what eventually found it's way to Charlie? The tape's existence isn't "random" but may not be all that consequential either. I'm not arguing one or the other, but it seems like one plausible explanation to me.

      Also, here's something I didn't realize: Larry Knechtel was a member of Bread from 1971-73 (when they temporarily disbanded) and again from 1976-78 (and later?). I had been erroneously assuming that he was *only* an LA session player.

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  14. Well, we know that the piano was an interregnum in terms of keys accompanying Jerry in his side bands: organ until 1975, piano 1975-1978, organ 1979-end. So experimenting with organ color in the mix feels like part of the search process, figuring out what he wanted Jerry Garcia Band to be and sound like. At the risk of ex post fallacy, maybe JGB #21b's durability is the proof of the pudding (Melvin, black women vocalists). It just took him a while to find it.

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  15. if we have a late 75 early 76 organ player why is there no mention of James Booker? Sorry if I missed something but he seems the obvious candidate.

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  16. I was thinking more about Knechtel, and none of this may be consequential, but what the heck -- I think it is interesting that Knechtel's name was being used to advertise Reflections. A full-page ad for it in Cashbox (1/31/76) bills it as "featur[ing] Jerry Garcia with The Grateful Dead and Jerry Garcia with other greats, like Ron Tutt, Larry Knechtel, John Kahn and Nicky Hopkins."

    So maybe there *were* actual designs on getting him to join the JGB? Joe, I presume you know more details about what was happening behind the scenes, or maybe I just missed something that was shared somewhere above. But given what else Knechtel was up to, I think it's seriously unlikely he would have considered the offer. For one thing, Knechtel was a member of Bread, who had broken up in 1973 but were still hugely popular; sometime in 1976 they reformed for a final album that was released in Jan 1977. Knechtel wasn't a sideman: an ad for their new album (in Cashbox 1/8/77) lists the bandmembers' names prominently and Knechtel is second after the band's frontman David Gates. And also in mid-1975 Knechtel won a gold record for Sammy Johns' single "Chevy Van," which Knechtel had co-produced in 1973 (Johns' album had three charting singles). That gold record would have been in his hands months before he would have intersected with Garcia.

    I'm not sure exactly how all of this translates into industry capital, but it makes me think that Knechtel committing significant time to joining Garcia (who in late 75, afaik, didn't yet have any definitive GD plans on the books?) would not have been a career move he would be inclined to make. Maybe that is an unfair assumption?

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    1. I know he came to town in January 1976 at one point, or at least I think I know that.

      One thing with Nicky that I think is underappreciated: he had contractual obligations to promote his record. He mentions it 10/17/75 at the Concord Pavilion. So being in JGB might have enabled him to fulfill that obligation, make a little money, etc.

      It's possible that Knechtel was being considered just as a hired gun, not a "member" in any permanent sense. But I agree that the '76 ads billing him as a member of the JGB aren't nothing - someone in the Garcia camp had to have put words together to this effect.

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  17. So here's a new wrinkle and new possible explanation for this tape's existence. I am reading John Brackett's book Live Dead (2023), which reprints a list written by Steve Brown in 1976 of possible "archive albums" for release on a proposed separate GD-run label called Ground Records (this was news to me, but maybe you already know this from your own research? it's from Brown's papers at Santa Cruz). Evidently there was an actual proposal during the GD hiatus to release albums of studio outtakes (hey, desperate times), and "Garcia RX 107 outs" is the second suggestion on Brown's list. So is it possible that this tape was material that Brown was proposing for actual release? I had been thinking that there was no way anyone would consider this stuff "releasable," but apparently not. Brown also wrote up a tracklist for a proposed compilation called "Railroad Blues" that includes Mystery Train and Freight Train "RX107 outtakes" (this memo is also reprinted in Brackett's book), which might be the same tracks on this tape?

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    1. Fascinating. I hadn't really parsed any of this stuff.

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    2. An interesting twist indeed! That would give some reason for this tape to be made.
      One thing that intrigues me is that Steve made his list sometime in 1976, including outtakes of the most recent releases on the Round label. At the time the idea of an archival live series was a very low priority for the Dead (they'd kick it down the road for another 15 years), but hey, various loose studio jams and outtakes from Garcia's sidebands? Could be a moneymaker!

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    3. small clarification: it occurs to me that it is more likely that this tape is *not* material Brown was actually proposing for a potential release, but instead is a collection of material for Brown (or whoever) to review to see *if* there was anything that might be potentially releasable.

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